When you travel Italy, you could be interested to learn that for more than 3,000 years of its existence the country, lovingly called all over the world lo Stivale (“the Boot”) has been home for many European cultures, among which there are such important ones as Greeks and the Romans. In the course of its history of Italy has experienced many ups and downs, today being a highly-developed land that heads various world ratings. Italy is a founding member of the European Community, European Union, Council of Europe and NATO.

Just at the dawn of human society the fall of the Roman Empire in about 500 for which Italy was the heart and the numerous barbarian invasions that followed resulted in fragmentation and decay of the land.

Demographic and economical situation started to improve gradually after 1000, with the revival of cities (partially democratic Comuni), trade and arts.

Some 300 years later in the middle of 14th century an epidemic of plague swept like a typhoon all over the country killing one third of its population. However, the recovery from the terrible disease greatly stimulated economy and on the turn of the 15th century in the eras of Humanism and Renaissance Italy was the centre of Western civilization again.

In late 15th century a continuous series of invasions started which lasted around 50 years and led to the two-century Spanish possession. Such domination together with the total control of the Church inevitably led to another period of intellectual and economic stagnancy. Nevertheless, the following hegemony of Austria with its ideas of the Enlightenment helped improve the situation in the country a bit.

Centuries passed by, and in 1790-ies the Napoleonic War brought the modern ideas of equality and law into Italy, stirring the national movement for independence and completely changing its political map.

In the last part of the 19th century, industrialisation and modernisation started to pave the way to democracy. Yet there was another obstacle on this path, and it was the First World War where France and the United Kingdom were Italy’s allies. The country paid a high human and social price for the victory. It could be this depression that let the Fascists come to power. Practically all democratic liberties were abolished and the country entered into years of totalitarian regime with its inevitable repressions.

Italy came to take part in World War Two in 1940 hoping for a quick victory but suffered defeat after defeat instead, surrendering in 1943 and becoming a battlefield for almost two more years. That very year, Mussolini was overthrown and by end of war the country was liberated.

A year later, resulting from a referendum, Italy became a republic. Since then constant economic growth lifted the country among the most industrialised nations in the world.

Sightseeing

To help you avoid “embarrassment de richesse” during your travel Italy we’ve made up a small list of sightseeings and attractions that could be well worth visiting. May it be far from full, yet a glimpse on the life of Italian cities will certainly be of use.

Milan, the land’s financial power-house, is referred to as either Italy’s second or first city, depending on who you ask. It is here that ‘deals are made’. Despite lacking the medieval charm due to plenty of rebuilding it still has much to offer a visitor, namely such simple pleasures as strolling in Brera and the Navigli districts or more cost-consuming designer shopping. Bear in mind that winters are usually cold and misty, and summers sultry here.

The Amalfi Coast presents a mountainous coastline with some towns and fishing villages south of Naples and is a major tourist attraction. The settlements are built at a very steep angle that is why streets are often zigzagging. Tourism being the area’s main employer, here you will always meet friendly service and a variety of attractions for your money, but – the prices may be biting.
Palermo, Sicily’s regional capital, is a city of contrasts. This busy port houses quite a number of tourist attractions. Yet, it is probably best known for being hotbed for organized crime, which however may be only adding to its magnetism. Don’t miss the Norman Cattedrale and La Martorana, a Norman church, Puppet Museum and the Vucciria market. Most daring of you could also visit Convento dei Cappuccini’s catacombs lined with the dead.

Frascati, a hill-town of the Castelli Romani complex situated not far from Rome, is a popular day trip destination. Both tourists and nationals come here just to relax, enjoy the change of pace, take a breath of clean air, and treat themselves to good food. The gardens are open to the public and free. Be sure to try some of the famous Frascati wine.

Sorrento is located on a plain overlooking Naples and embracing Vesuvius. The charming town is exceedingly popular with tourists and the English language is widely spoken here. Lack of actual ‘sights’ is made up by numerous panoramic views and pleasant spots, and the wide range of accommodation options in will make it an ideal destination for everyone who travels to Italy. Piazza Tasso, with its numerous cafes, is the tourist focal point.

Another lovely Italian town is Verona, in the Veneto. The place is rich in archaeological sites and has a beautiful historic center with narrow streets and palazzos. The Roman Arena, the city’s grandest sight, where great concerts and operas are performed, competes for its popularity with the so-called ‘Juliet’s balcony’ well known for every romanticist around the world.

Thinking of Italians you are most likely to picture a large noisy family of laughing red-cheeked merry-makers drinking plenty of good wine and eating pasta, olives and pizza at the same time or, at the very least, carelessly sipping cappuccino at 11 A.M. in the swing of the working day. Italians seem to know how to entertain themselves better than anyone else in the world. So it would be wise to plan your travel ther so that you could observe some holidays and festivals in Italy.

So try to avoid sticking to typical travel plans abounding in cultural and historical “must-dos” that make your holiday more like an exhausting marathon than a pleasant amusement. The brief overview below tells about some excuses just to kick back while travelling Italy.

As probably in every country, the most important Italian holiday is Christmas. Pope’s Christmas Eve speech is broadcast to dozens of countries and 800 beautifully illuminated fountains form the biggest Christmas tree climbing the side of a mount.

As Capodanno (New Year’s Day in Italian) passes, it is time for Epiphany’s holiday celebrating the arrival of the Magi. Legend has it that on Epiphany Eve (5 January) a good witch flies from rooftop to rooftop and pops gifts for obedient children down the chimneys. Does it remind you of anything?
Speaking about Italian holidays one just could not but mention numerous Carnivals celebrated all over the land up to the Lent. There are grand weeks-long events in Venice, Tuscanian seaside, near Bologna, etc. Not a single parade will do without decorated floats, colorful masks and costumes, music, food fairs and feasts.

‘Carnevales’ are originally meant to cheer people up before the 40 days’ abstinence.

In late February the suburbs of Turin see one of Italy’s most spectacular festivals, which is the Battle of Oranges. Symbolizing the town tyrannical ruler’s overthrow, this holiday features hurling and tossing of four hundred tons of oranges in the street fights.

Another carnival from this list yet very different from the ones described above is the Venetian carnival with fire-eaters, jugglers, acrobats and mimes, surreal masks and costumes.

Another beautiful celebration comes to a port near Genoa in August. Tourists are deeply impressed by the flower-decked boats aimed to protect the Holy Virgin and Child floating in the fiery water. Fishermen place thousands of little wax cups with candles onto the sea. The sight is really spectacular.

Autumn is naturally the time for harvest gathering and the consequent festivals of chestnuts, grapes and olives with degustations and lots of frivolous fun. In a word, you will hardly have an opportunity to get bored.

Let’s imagine the first staging post of your travel Italy is accomplished and you have arrived to the country. The question that immediately rises is how to get around during your moving around Italy.
The answer to it is easy: choose to your liking. The only advice is that you prepare a little homework: booking a vehicle in advance is safer and more cost-effective, as well as finding maps of Italy.

Make sure you know the road rules and have the necessary documents prepared (you will need an insurance and a green card, etc.). In Italy, it’s becoming a widespread practice to close city centers from traffic or restrict it to resident’s use. Petrol prices are also quite high.

Among other rules please take into account that speed limits in residential-areas range from 31mph/50kmh to 80mph/130kmh on motorways. Remember to have the dipped headlights on all the time, unless you are in a built-up area, and don’t use your cell without a speaker device. And – drive on the right.

Almost all the autostrade is to be paid for, and here you can use your credit card. The Italian Auto Club offers round-the clock roadside assistance. Dial 116 on any phone to connect with an English-speaking operator. In case of a medical emergency call 113.

On the other hand, travelling around Italy by train is not the best way to get to know the country. Though the coverage is better than, say, in the US and UK you still will have difficulties getting to smaller localities. However, they are rather cheap, quick, clean and you won’t have problems with traffic jams. Moreover, you can also take a city or regional-rout bus to move to your destination point, which is pretty cheap.

In case you need to get to a place really fast, take an internal flight, though be ready that the rates are not for those with week nerves.

Getting To Italy

A developed western European country as it is, Italy has an extensive transport network. As the progress came, flying carpets and trusty steeds gave way to far more convenient and faster planes and land transport. Depending on your starting and destination point and other criteria you may choose from the variety of options concerning getting to Italy routes.

Numerous Internet sites offer services for online ticket reservation and having checked with the map you’ll most probably not only save your money, but also find a quicker and more comfortable way to get wherever you like.

We’d also recommend you to be more flexible about the arrival time. If shifting you trip several days or weeks back or forward is not critiacal, you could save a good lot of money and time and releive yourself of the necessity to queue for hours before getting a chance to enter a place of interest.
Just as with the hotels, prices drop by end of tourist season which in addition means that school kids will be back to studies not crowding museums and entertainment centers.

So here are the four most common ways to travel to Italy:

1. Traveling by planes, which has become much cheaper nowadays. The main hubs in Rome (like Leonardo da Vinci airport), Milan, Pisa, Naples, Turin, Bologna and Venice can be substituted by smaller or ‘alternative’ airports. Internal flights connect to regional airports.
2. As Italy has a lot of coastline, using water transport while traveling is also effective: ports and historical routs in Mediterranean and beyond are large in number. It can be either a passenger ferry (especially when driving in your own car), a hydrofoil or a cruise ship, decide for yourself.
3. Traveling to Italy by train is another suggestion. Visitors from the United States can make European stops on their way, adding to the impressions of the journey. It is commonly acknowledged that Italian railways are pleasant, clean and efficient. You can also put your car on the Eurotunnel train.
4. Of course traveling by car is always a better way to create your own rout and enjoy a lot of scenery not being restricted by any schedules. Drive through the reopened Mont Blanc tunnel or cut east to northern Italy form the South of France, which is less expensive.
   Buses with direct services to all the major cities will also help make your travel Italy more comfortable.

Milan, Italy’s second capital often called “Roma secunda” for its strategic position on the map of the country and the vibrant rhythm, is a city of contradictions. Modern and ancient at the same time, it offers a great number of attractions both for idle tourists and business people.

The city’s history began as far as 2400 years and in 222 BC it acquired its name which then sounded as Mediolanum, from the Romans.

Historical monuments of world importance stand side by side with numerous entertainment centres, sightseeings and attractions, including hundreds of lounge bars, cafes, restaurants, etc. The nights are often as bright as the days and you certainly won’t have time to get bored.

The following is the list of Milan’s greatest tourist attractions that you are most probably to be willing to visit during your travel Italy.

The Duomo, an outstanding example of Gothic-Lombard architecture, gives way only to the Roman Cathedral of St Peter’s. The impressive 3500 statues are located on the 12,000 m2 area, and the figure of Madonnina (the Virgin Mary) is covered with 3900 gold leafs.

Another important religious symbol in Milan is Basilica of Sant’Ambrogio, housing a number of priceless artefacts and artworks narrating the city history.

The beautiful basilica of San Lorenzo Maggiore will amaze its visitors with the variety of architectural styles combined in it as a result of numerous renovations it was subjected to.

And of course one thing that cannot be missed under any circumstances during the Milanese part of your travel to Italy is Santa Maria delle Grazie with the splendid “Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci painted on a refectory wall.

Music connoisseurs will not miss a chance to get to La Scala Theater Museum, and the most lucky ones – even to visit the opera house itself.

If the above is not comprehensive enough for your travel to Italy, come to Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan’s oldest museum with masterpieces by such artists as Leonardo da Vinci, Raffaello, Botticelli and Caravaggio.

A trip to Milan, the world capital of fashion, would be incomplete without a shopping tour. May it only be window shopping, but do view some works of Gianfranco Ferre, Giorgio Armani, Miuccia Prada, Versace and Dolce & Gabbana to fully immerse into the city’s glamorous atmosphere. You can do this during the fashion weeks Milano Moda Uomo or Milano Moda Donna.

Caput Mundi is one of the world’s most popular tour destinations. Travelers to Italy are welcome to visit a great number of world-class attractions, such as churches, piazzas and museums. So make sure Rome is the first place to visit when you travel Italy.

The saying “All roads lead to Rome” had literal meaning at the times of the Roman Empire and the cultural heritage is so great here that you are more likely to lack time than things to see. Three million people from every corner of the world visit Rome every year.

The city is believed to be founded by twin boys named Romulus and Remus and this is where its name allegedly takes its origin.

One of the most famous places of interest in the area is the building called “Borgo”, Saint Angelo’s Castel. As the legend claims, in 590, during a terrible plague, at the very top of the structure the pope saw an angel encasing a sword, which marked the end of the disaster. Almost 500 years later six different angels made of wood, marble, bronze or gold replaced each other.

The years passed by, and the castle became property of the Vatican. Beneath it prisoners’ cells were located, so small that it was impossible neither stay standing nor laying down, and some prisoners had to be put down from the top of the cell as it could not be entered otherwise. History of Italy is multicoloful.

Another must-see in Rome is Saint Peter’s. Where else could you visit abroad not leaving the city? And this is exactly what you can do during your stay entering the borders of the smallest country in the world, the Vatican, a city-state with around 500 inhabitants. There are three entrances to the city: the Arch of the Bells, letting you in you straight into the gardens; the Doors of Bronze, and the “Porta S. Anna”. Bear in mind that access to the Vatican City is only allowed to visitors properly dressed: you cannot wear shorts, mini-skirts, and tank tops.

The first thing that attracts your attention in Via della Conciliazione is the massive Basilica and its columns, reflected in a painting by Bernini as a human figure, with the head represented by the dome and the arms represented by the columns. On Sunday mornings the pope appears in the piazza creating great curiosity within tourists.

The celebrated Michelangelo’s Pieta, the first chapel of the right-hand aisle of Saint Peter’s, is one of the great master’s most important works, and the only one signed by him.

Just past the door to the aisle coming from the old Saint Peter’s there is the famous rota porphyretica or wheel of coronation set in the pavement. It was on this stone that the emperors stood while being crowned by the popes.

The portal to the Palazzo dei Cavalieri offers an interesting optical effect giving an original view of Saint Peter’s from the keyhole, through which one can see the dome of the basilica. All of the garden, the portal and the square were specially designed to allow for this little miracle.

If you happen to visit the Sistine Chapel, blessed with artistic masterpieces and temples of music, remember to take a mirror to see the frescoes better and easier.

In the centre of Piazza Vittorio, near Termini Station, there are some ruins. Come here to admire the Magic Gate, an arch upon which the alchemical formula for making gold is inscribed. The the legend says that in 1600 the owner of the villa where the magic Gate is today offered an alchemist an apartment, funds and equipment to perform the miraculous transformation. The alchemist soon fled, leaving some gold pieces and the formula later put on the monument.

Venice, a unique city built on water in the middle of a lagoon, is considered one of Italy’s most beautiful travel destinations. It just seems that ‘romance’ is a full synonym to its name.

Of course the complex network of canals is the city’s major attraction; Venice’s history is her water.
Grand Canal winds through Venice connecting all major sights but only has three bridges crossing it – at the train station, the Rialto Bridge and the Accademia Bridge. So in case you’ll need to get to the other bank, taking a traghetto (gondola) will be a good solution. Regatta on Venetian Grand Canal reverberating to the applause and shouts of the onlookers with the gondoliers contesting for supremacy, is a spectacular event. However, if you are interested in a gondola ride for yourself, we’d recommend taking one outside the tourist core where the views are as good and the cost less than near St. Mark’s or along the Grand Canal. Moreover, restaurants in Venice’s neighbourhoods serve delicious meals for lower prices.

The heart of Venice is Piazza San Marco with its impressive church. The lowest point in Venice, it is the first to flood during Acqua Alta (high water) from the Adriatic, or even heavy rains. The landmark is extremely popular with tourists, photographers, and… pigeons.

The buildings around the Piazza include such architectural monuments as the Doge’s Palace, St Mark’s Basilica, St Mark’s Clocktower and the Biblioteca Marciana, museums and cafes.

St Mark’s Basilica is the most famous of the churches of Venice attracting constant and lavish attention among those who travel Italy. For its turgid design, gilded Byzantine mosaics (with tiles no larger than 1/4 inch across), and its status as a symbol of Venetian wealth and power the building is known by the nickname Chiesa d’Oro (Church of gold).

The church is based on a Greek cross inscribed in a square with each arm emphasized by a dome of its own. (This is based on Justinian’s Basilica of the Apostles in Constantinople.)

In about 1254 the Horses of Saint Mark were installed on the basilica, dating to Classical Antiquity.
An interesting tradition connected with the Venice can be observed in the old mountain village of Rovereto Veneziana on the last days of July through to early August. The place becomes mediaeval Venice for a few days, copying everything about it, including historical costumes and tools.

Before planning your travel Italy do check the weather forecast. Sunny days could make your impressions yet brighter!

Encyclopedias say climate in Italy is diverse. But here are some general tips of what to expect of the weather this or that time of the year.

So when to set off on your travel to Italy?

The month opening the year, January, is usually chilly, so be ready for the freezing tramontana winds sweeping down from the North. Days of the blackbird (January 29, 30 and 31) are the coldest of the year. Nevertheless a winter vacation does not lack obvious advantages: once the Christmas holidays are over, the sights become almost deserted so you can expect a warm welcome everywhere. Moreover in low seasons more agreeable prices apply in hotels.

February is often called “corto e maledetto” – that is, short and accurst. Sometimes it is as cold as January, though winter is traditionally expected tobe at an end if the weather appears nice on the Feast of Candlemas (February 2). Again, tourists are few, so cheap flights and hotel rooms abound.
Hurray, here comes the spring… and brings unbelievably capricious weather: it is still cold, and often windy and rainy, too. As the Italians say, “Marzo e pazzarello” – March is crazy. Anyway, the days are becoming longer, and March 21 officially marks the commence of spring. The clocks go forward in the late month, giving more time for sightseeing. There inevitably appear more tourists, particularly if Easter falls early.

It’s funny to see what different nations say of the same things: according to the English, April showers bring May flowers, while the Italians find it more important to observe, Aprile, ogni goccia un barile. (In April, every raindrop is a barrel of wine.) In April, tourists begin flocking to Italy. “Natale con i tuoi, Pasqua con chi vuoi”, as another proverb advises: Christmas with the family, Easter with whoever you want. Many nationals have holidays at Easter, adding to the crowds of tourists. The temperature rises, along with the prices.

May, the month of roses, is famous for its fine weather that is warm but yet not unbearably hot for sightseeing. Thus it’s not surprising that the major sights already appear crowded. Though early June is mild, much like May, the temperature rises steeply by the second half of the month, particularly in the south of the land. Seaside resorts are gradually filling up.

We beleive that July and August are far too scorching to make sightseeing comfortable this time of the year. So if you have a chance to choose, think twice before going on an Italian holiday this time of the year.

On the other hand, September is far more advisable. Temperatures are dropping down while the weather is rather dry. Summer resorts are not so crowded as a schoolyear begins and noisy kids are busy studying. September 23 is the “official” beginning of autumn.

Connoisseurs say, October is the best month of all for visiting Rome: it’s time for the sunny “ottobrate romane”. In northern Italy, however, the weather becomes more and more chilly. During the last weekend of the month the clocks go back.

November is another month that will not help make your visit to Italy more pleasant. The days’ve become shorter and it often rains. Some hotels and restaurants may close for renovation. Yet if you do choose to have a November vacation, don’t miss the “vino novello” (new wine) and chestnuts tastings that are traditional at this time of year. The land prepares for the winter sleep.

In December, cold weather returns: forget about sitting outside on the piazza with cappuccino. With the holiday season, prices begin to rise and hotels are filling up: take care to book early to avoid disappointment.

Yet, whatever the weather might be, we wish you to enjoy the good company of Italian sightseeings and attractions all year round!

For vacationers who prefer a general sightseeing or idle strolling, travel Italy has many offers to stimulate the body, mind and soul. Mountain chains (including the backbone of Italy, the Apennines) and splendid countryside for skiers and walkers, lakes and seas for those wishing to enjoy water trips with windsurfing and sailing, top-class cuisine for feasters, designer clothes for shopaholics, study trips…. There are many beautiful places for sport activities and more relaxed pastimes that won’t make you choose where and when to go in Italy. Among great places to visit during your travel to Italy are such Italian ski resorts as Courmayeur and Cortina d’Ampezzo, National parks like Abruzzo with the high-altitude havens called rifugi and spa resorts with natural hot springs.

In Summary

Disregarding the fact that the year starts with January, let us look at summer months first, as these are the hottest not only in terms of weather; it is also the peak of tourist season.

July/August: there is an opinion that July to August are optimal for visiting large Italian cities: when most of the nationals are on vacation, traffic becomes lighter and moving around is considerably easier. However, be ready to find a number of shops and businesses closed this month. Another attraction is the bustling nightlife with open-air music shows, discos and festivals in many historical places collectively called “Estate Romana” (Roman summer). Information about this sort of events is unlikely to be on the travel guides, so consult a local newspaper or ask your hosts. Usually during July and early August performances of the Rome Opera at the ancient Roman ruins are given.
Much better time to go to the seaside is in June and September: Resorts are not crowded yet and it’s not too hot. Early September sees the magnificent Historic Regatta along the Grand Canal in Venice. But, the Roman summer will be gone.

April, May and October are perfect for visiting both cities and countryside. Cruising along Grand Canal in Venice will be more pleasurable as the water is cleaner and does not smell any more (as it does in August). If you plan to travel to Italy for Easter, book in advance because there’s going to be a lot of holiday-makers willing to do it too.

Traveling to Italy in November to March can be a good way to check your luck: it may be cold and rainy or sunny and pleasantly dry. The advantage of this period is mainly low prices for flights and accommodation.

Family is of course the Christmas theme. In recent years all of the major cities and also smaller centers have streets decorated this time of the year boosting your spirits and inviting to join the large scale parties and local celebrations. On the New Year’s Eve, for example, huge fires are built on the central squares of Tuscan towns burning all night long. The Christmas season is closed by the Epiphany, on January 6.

Italy can boast one of the greatest collection of artistic masterpieces in the world. Classical buildings, fascinating medieval churches, Renaissance and Baroque sculptures and frescoes, squares and fountains are by themselves living museums. Getting to know the vast variety of the land’s cultural heritage broadens your sense of humanity and helps cognize your soul.

When you travel Italy, you will have a unique chance to see monuments of such important periods and styles of Italian architecture as Ancient Roman, Early Medieval, Gothic, Baroque and Renaissance ones, giving the world great architects and artists like Andrea Palladio, Giacomo Vignola, Michelangelo Buonarotti, Raphael Sanzio and many others.

Roman architecture features a careful selection of traditional Greek and Etruscan elements, combined with new structural principles (the development of the arch and use of new building material, concrete, and mosaic as decoration) in innovative ways. The legacy of the period is still seen nowadays in domes and rounded arches of political and religious buildings. Enjoy the majesty and splendour of Ancient Roman architecture by visiting Pantheons, Amphitheatres, Circuses, Basilicas and Temples.

Medieval Italy presented a mix of ancient Roman architecture with growing thearchic power and artistic rebellion. Artists protested against claims that art should only have religious connotation so everyday life of common people became the focus for new works. Cultic art wasn’t abandoned, however, and some of the greatest medieval masterpieces were created, including beautiful churches and cathedrals.

From the mid-12th to the end of the 15th century Gothic architecture flourished in Europe. Its vertical lines and spires, great height in interior spaces, the pointed arch and tall pillars were used not only for churches and monasteries, but for non-religious buildings as well. In Italy, the Gothic architecture had a classical basis characterized by vast spans and simple arches on a basilican plan. An example of this style is Milan Cathedral.

The period known as the Italian Renaissance, or rebirth, began in the 14th century and lasted for about 200 years. Lively interest in ancient Roman and Greek cultures excited development in art and architecture. The works of Andrea Palladio made a revolution in European architecture and continues to influence it today.

The word ‘Baroque’, originally a derogatory term of Renaissance, means ‘absurd or queer’. Started in Rome in 16th century by Michelangelo, it was primarily aimed to express the city’s dominant role in the Catholic world. Basic concepts of this monumental style include the use of classical forms for dynamic and dramatic large-scale schemes, integration of a building with its surroundings and city plan on the whole. An outstanding representative of this period’s masters is Gian Lorenzo Bernini, under whom buildings for popes, kings, and the nobility were constructed.

Some examples of sightseeigns and attractions in Italy, worth to be explored during your italian travel include the Pantheon, Capitoline Museums, the Roman Forum and Colosseum, Vatican Museums, Basilicas, the Academia, San Marco Square and the Academia in Venice.

Barracco Museum

Barracco Museum

The original building and collection were donated to the city of Rome by Baron Giovanni Barracco in 1902. The original building was demolished in 1938 and the collection transferred to its present location in 1948. Its collection includes archaeological material from the Middle East, such as a head of Ramses II, Asirian sculptures and Hellenistic sculptures. Also of interest are the Sphinx of Hatshepsut and the ruins of an ancient Roman house in the basement.

Address: Corso V. Emanuele II 168, Historical Center, Rome
Tel: 06 68 80 68 48
Open: 9.00am – 7.00pm, Sundays / holidays: 9.00am – 1.00pm
Closed: Mondays. Museum shop.

Borghese Museum / Gallery

Borghese Museum / Gallery

The small palace was built in 1613 to hold Cardinal Scipione Borghese’s collection of art. The museum can be found on the ground floor and the gallery on the first floor. Inside are some of the most famous sculptures by Bernini, such as David, Apollo and Daphne, the reclining statue of Pauline Borghese, and a rich picture gallery with plenty of masterpieces, such as Danae by Correggio, Raphael’s Deposition, and Caravaggio paintings. The palace is well worth a visit.

Address: Piazza Scipione Borghese 5, Casino Borghese, Rome
Tel: 06 84 17 645
Open: 9.00am – 7.00pm, Sundays: 9.00am – 8.00pm
Closed: Mondays.
Specialised bookshop, audio guides, coffee shop. Booking in advanced is highly recommended and entry is only granted to a limited number of persons every two hours.

Capitoline Museums

Created according to Michelangelo’s design, the Conservators’ Palace and the New Palace house two museums. After a long restoration, the oldest public collection in the world is now open to the public. The museums hold artefacts of ancient sculpture and paintings, mainly from the 14th to the 17th century by Caravaggio, Titian, Domenichino and others. Also noteworthy are the Capitoline she-wolf (the symbol of Rome), the Capitoline Venus, the Satyr of Praxiteles. A further highlight is the new Caffé Capitolino, a coffee shop which offers one of the most enchanting panoramas of the city.

Address: Piazza Del Campidoglio, Rome.
Tel: 06 67 10 20 71.
Open: 10.00am – 9.00pm.
Closed: Mondays.
Museum shop, coffee shop, info/reservations: 06 39 74 62 21.

Centrale Montemartini, Art Center Acea

Centrale Montemartini, Art Center Acea

Several hundred Greek and Roman sculptures (from the Musei Capitolini) are exhibited next to old machines used in the former electric power station of Rome. A unique combination of classical art and industrial machinery. Worth a visit, as the juxtaposition of ancient art and industrial archaeology is truly spectacular.

Address: Via Ostiense 106, Rome.
Tel: 06 57 48 030.
Open: 10.00am – 6.00pm.
Closed: Mondays.
Museum shop, coffee shop.

Doria Pamphilj Gallery

Doria Pamphilj Gallery

Private collection from the noble Doria Pamphilj family, who still live in the palace (many of the ceilings are beautifully decorated in gold), which boasts of a large art collection that has been built up over the centuries. Many interesting works by Caravaggio, Velasquez, Carracci, Rubens, Bernini, Tiziano, Raffaello and others.

Address: Piazza Del Collegio Romano 2, Rome.
Tel: 06 67 97 323.
Open: 10.00am – 5.00pm.
Closed: Thursdays.
Guided tours, bookshop.

Exhibition Palace for Modern and Contemporary Art

The building, created by Piacentini in 1878, was one of the first buildings in the new capital constructed after the Unification of Italy. Of neo-classic style, the space has been dedicated for exhibitions of modern and contemporary art.

Address: Via Nazionale 194, Rome.
Tel: 06 47 45 903.
Open: 10.00am – 9.00pm.
Closed: Tuesdays.
Coffee shop.

L. Pigorini National Museum of Prehistory and Ethnography

The museum, opened in 1876, is named after its founder, Luigi Pigorini. Originally housed in a 17th century building, which already housed the Kircher Museum, the collection of antiquities belonged to the Gesuit Athanasius Kircher. Between 1962 and 1977 the museum’s artefacts were relocated to the House of Sciences, where it is currently housed. The museum’s material is divided into two sections, one devoted to pale-ethnology and the other to ethnography. There is a remarkable collection of more than 6,000 pieces originating from China, Thailand, India, Indonesia and Laos.

Address: Piazzale Guglielmo Marconi 14, Rome.
Tel: 06 54 95 21.
Open: Tuesday – Saturday; 9.00am to 2.00pm and Sundays 9.00am to 1.00pm.
Closed: Mondays.

Museo del Corso

A relatively new museum, which offers exhibitions and shows which vary throughout the year; ranging from photography, Faberge’s famous Easter eggs to virtual exhibitions of Ancient Rome. Worth a visit, especially due to its excellent positioning.

Address: Palazzo Cipolla, Via Del Corso 320, Rome.
Tel: 06 67 86 20.
Open: 10.00am – 8.00pm.
Closed: Mondays.

Museum of Palazzo Venezia

Museum of Palazzo Venezia

The museum occupies a part of the Palazzo Venezia, which is in Rome’s geographical center and was once the seat of the Fascist government during Mussolini’s reign. Temporary exhibitions occasionally take place at the State Rooms and the museum itself has probably the best collection in Rome of Medieval art including paintings, statues, terracotta, tapestries and porcelains. Among the most important works is the Barsanti collection of small bronzes.

Address: Via Del Plebiscito 118, Rome.
Tel: 06 67 98 865.
Open: 9.00 – 2.00pm.
Closed: Mondays, January 1st, May 1st, December 25th.

National Gallery of Ancient Art at Palazzo Barberini

National Gallery of Ancient Art at Palazzo Barberini

The building of the palace began in 1625 by Carlo Maderno with the help of Borromini and then finally completed 8 years later by Bernini. Inside, there are several interesting works from the 12th to the 17th century, which have been acquired and donated from of collections belonging to an array of noble families. The central hall has a splendid ceiling painted by Pietro Da Cortona.

Address: Via Quattro Fontane 13, Rome.
Tel: 06 48 24 184.
Open: 9.00am – 7.00pm.
Closed: Mondays.
Guided tours, cloakroom, bookshop.

National Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art

Works of both Italian and foreigner artists, mainly from the 19th and 20th century, including post World War II paintings. Artists belonging to the main modern and contemporary cultural and artistic movements: works by Macchiaioli, Manzù, Matisse, Picasso and Modigliani.

Address: Via Delle Belle Arti 131, Rome.
Tel: 06 32 29 81.
Open: 9.00am – 7.00pm.
Closed: Mondays, January 1st, May 1st, December 25th.
Guided tours, bar, cloakroom, bookshop, museum shop, coffee shop.

National Gallery of Palazzo Corsini

This 18th century building, designed by Fuga, is now home to an interesting quantity of paintings and sculptures from the 16th and 17th century. Including such renowned artists as Tiziano, Giordano, Poussin, Guido Reni, Guercino, Van Dyck, Rubens and Caravaggio. There is also a rare portrait of the sculptor Bernini, painted by Baciccia between 1639 and 1709.

Address: Via Della Lungara 10, Rome.
Tel: 06 68 80 23 23.
Open: 9.00am – 7.00pm. Sundays and holidays; 9.00am – 1.00pm.
Closed: Mondays. Museum shop.

National Museum of Castel Sant’Angelo

Castel Sant’Angelo was originally built for Emperor Hadrian in 139AD as a mausoleum for himself and his family. Since then it has been used for several other reasons, such as a safe house for the Pope during political unrest (a passage which connects the castle directly to the Vatican was built in 1277), a fortress and a prison. Since 1927, the building has been a tourist attraction and museum, containing many military relics, sculptures, furniture, fragments of floor from the 14th and 15th century and frescoes by Perin Del Vaga and Pellegrino.

Address: Lungotevere Castello 50, Rome.
Tel: 06 68 19 111.
Open: 9.00am – 8.00pm.
Closed: Mondays.
Coffee shop, cloakroom, bookshop.

Roman National Museum

The Palazzo Altemps now holds a collection of classic sculptures, which have been acquired from the private collections of the Altemps and Ludovisi Families. Especially noteworthy are the painted loggia, the Ludovisi Throne (dating back to the 5th century BC), the Ares Ludovisi and the Dying Gaul.

Address: Palazzo Altemps, Piazza Sant’Apollinare 44, Rome.
Tel: 06 68 33 759.
Open: 9.00am – 6.45pm. Sundays and holidays: 9.00am – 7.45pm.
Closed: Mondays.

Roman National Museum – Palazzo Massimo Alle Terme

Roman National Museum – Palazzo Massimo Alle Terme

Here visitors can view one of the most important archaeological collections in the world; Greek, Roman and Christian art and objects found in Rome and its surrounding areas. Beautiful frescoes which originated from the Domus Livia, the Domus Farnesina and Nero’s Villa at Nettuno.

Address: Largo Di Villa Peretti 2, Rome.
Tel: 06 48 90 35 00.
Open: 9.00am – 6.45pm. Sundays and holidays; 9.00am – 7.45pm.
Closed: Mondays. June 1st – September 30th; on Saturdays admittance 9.00pm – 11.45pm.
Guided tours, cloakroom, bookshop.

Spada Gallery

The gallery is part of the Palazzo Spada, which has been home to several of Rome’s elite families and was built in 1540 by the architect Giulio Merisi. In 1927 it then become state owned. On show here are paintings by Rubens, Durer, Caravaggio, Guercino, Domenichino, Guido Reni, Carracci, Andrea del Sarto, Parmigianino, Solimena. Particularly interesting, is the Perspective Gallery with its optical illusions (created by Borromini).

Address: Piazza Capo Di Ferro, Rome.
Tel: 06 68 61 158.
Open: 9.00am – 7.00pm. Sundays and holidays; 9.00am – 8.00pm.
Closed: Mondays.

Vatican Museums

The Vatican museums are a must see when visiting Rome. The vast complex of museums, which run along a circuit of over 7km, contain one of the largest collections of religious and artistic artefacts in the world. For example, the Pinacoteca Vaticana (comprising 17 halls with paintings by Leonardo Da Vinci, Caravaggio, Fra Angelico, and Bellini), the Museo Gregoriano Egizio (comprising 10 halls with many Egyptian original artefacts); and not to mention much, much more.

Address: Viale Vaticano, Rome.
Tel: 06 69 88 49 47.
Open: Mid March to late October; 8.45am – 3.45pm.
Off season; 8.45am – 12.45pm. Sundays and religious/national holidays.
Museum shop, coffee shop, restaurant, audio guides. N.B. free of charge on the last Sunday of each month.

Villa Farnesina

Villa Farnesina

Villa Farnesina took four years to build (1506 – 1510) and is one of the most complete and splendid examples of Renaissance civil architecture. Decorated by Raphael, you will need to visit the Galatea Room, the Loggia of Cupid and Psyche (by Raphael), the Salon of Perspective on the top floor, frescoed by Peruzzi and the Cabinet of Print – a collection of rare prints, founded in 1895 in order to keep Corsini’s prints and designs in good order.

Address: Via Della Lungara 230, Rome.
Tel: 06 68 80 17 67.
Open: 9.00am – 1.00pm.
Closed: Sundays.

Villa Giulia, National Etruscan Museum

The museum was originally built as a villa between 1551 and 1553 for Pope Julius III and designed by Jacopo Barozzi Da Vignola. In 1889 it was established as a museum and contains the most important Etruscan collection in the world, including the famous Pollo of Vejo, the sarcophagus of the Bride and Groom, sculptures, bronzes, furniture, ivory and other objects discovered at the burial grounds in and around Latium, southern Etruria and Umbria.

Address: Piazzale Villa Giulia 9, Rome.
Tel: 06 32 01 951.
Open: 9.00am – 7.00pm. Sundays and holidays; 9.00am – 8.00pm.
Closed: Mondays, January 1st, May 1st, December 25th.
Museum shop, cloakroom, bookshop.

Pantheon

Pantheon

This one-time pagan temple, a marvel of architectural harmony and proportion, is the best preserved monument of Imperial Rome. The Pantheon was originally built in 27BC by Augustus’ general Agrippa and then totally rebuilt by Hadrian towards the end of the 2nd century AD. In the 7th century Pope Boniface IV consecrated the Pantheon as a church. In earlier times the dome was gilded and it is believed that this gold was pilfered to gild the baldachin, which lies above the altar at St. Peter’s. The remarkable construction is almost 50m wide and 50m high; a perfect sphere resting in a cylinder. Its flattened dome is the widest in the world, around 0.5m wider than that of St. Peter’s. The circular walls are an amazing 7.50m thick and the ornate bronze doors weigh 20 tonnes each!

Info: Piazza Della Rotonda, Rome. Tel: 06 68 30 02 30. Open: Monday – Saturday 9.00am – 6.30pm and Sunday 9.00am -1.00pm.

Sistine Chapel

Sistine Chapel

This is undoubtedly Michelangelo’s masterpiece and his most famous piece of work. Ironically, he considered himself a sculptor more than a painter and was commanded by Julius II to stop his current work and devote his time to creating the wonderful frescoes to cover more than 10,000 square feet of the chapel’s ceiling; a task that took four years. Michelangelo’s subject was the story of humanity before the coming of Christ (taken from the book of Genesis), which is depicted in nine main panels. The ceiling was meticulously rejuvenated and restored in the early 1990s and is now vibrantly coloured – a startling contrast to the dark and veiled tones known for so many years.

Info: Vatican Palace; entry only through the Vatican Museums, Rome.

Colosseum

Colosseum

A construction which has become synonymous with both present day and Ancient Rome: a massive and majestic play area for the Ancient Romans with its bloody history. The ruin was originally instated in 80AD with a program of games and shows that lasted 100 days. Gladiators would salute the emperor in his Imperial box and cry, Ave, imperator, morituri te salutant (Hail, emperor, men soon to die salute thee). The Colosseum was able to hold more than 50,000 spectators; it was originally decorated with marble and had an ingenious system of awnings to provide shade from the strong Mediterranean sun. Built in just eight years, it took its name from a colossal, 118-foot statue of Emperor Nero which once stood nearby. Unfortunately, due to its positioning, it has become like a large roundabout for Rome’s heavy traffic flow, and the cost is visibly seen by the grime and erosion created by exhaust fumes – however, it is being constantly cleaned and repaired to overcome the problem.

Info: Piazza Del Colosseo, Rome. Tel: 06 70 04 261.

Santa Maria Maggiore

Santa Maria Maggiore

Santa Maria Maggiore is one of the oldest and most spacious churches in Rome. Built in the 3rd century, it has undergone many alterations throughout the years. The bell tower is in fact the highest in Rome (circa 75m) and inside the church holds many artistic masterpieces: The glossy mosaics on the arch in front of the main altar date back to the 5th century and the gilded gold found on the beautiful ceiling is thought to have been the first gold brought from the New World. The modest tomb of Bernini is located here. The story goes that Pope Liberio dreamt of Mary, who told him to build a church in the place where he would find snow. Next day, August 5th during mid Summer, it snowed on this spot.

Info: Piazza Santa Maria Maggiore, close to Via Cavour, Rome. Tel: 06 48 31 95.

Piazza Campo De’ Fiori

Piazza Campo De’ Fiori

Piazza Campo De’ Fiori is where, during the Renaissance period, many foreign merchants and traders used to lodge. These days the square looks slightly shabby but still holds a lot of character. A large, popular food market (every morning, except Sundays) now takes place here and is well frequented by Romans. During the evening and night it is also a popular place to visit for its bars and pubs. Nearby is Piazza Farnese, where one of Rome’s largest private palaces is situated.

Info: Historical Center, Rome. Tel: N/A.

Piazza Navona

Piazza Navona

This beautiful baroque square is a must visit when in the center and is made more appealing due to the fact that it has been pedestranised. The square was originally laid out in 86AD under the rule of Emperor Domitian, who had a stadium constructed there (Circus Domitianus). However, since these foundations, the area has been stripped of is marble in the 4th century, but rejuvenated during the Renaissance period. Today, the Piazza is a marvel of light and sculpture; at the center is the “Fountain of the Rivers”, designed by Bernini to personify the 4 great rivers of the world (Ganges, Della Plata, Danube and the Nile); situated at the southern end is another fountain by Bernini, Fountain of the Moor and there is a third fountain which was added in the 19th century, Fountain of Neptune. The admirable 17th century Church of Sant’Agnese is also worth visiting, with its splendid twin-towered façade.

Info: Historical Center, Rome. Tel: N/A.

Villa Borghese

Villa Borghese

Villa Borghese is located right in the center of Rome. The elegant park, which is 3.5 miles in circumference, was created by Cardinal Scipione Borghese in the 17th century. Umberto I, King of Italy during the beginning of the last century, acquired it and bestowed it to the Roman people in 1902. Here you can also find the highly impressive Galleria Borghese, inspired by 16th century style, the main building was covered on the outside with old sculptures, whereas the recently restored interior now hosts several great works of art, including Raphael’s Disposition, Bernini’s Apollo, etc. The serene landscape and greenery, although crisscrossed by roads, is an excellent place to relax away from the hustle and bustle of the city center. There are several cafes and food vendors and is a meeting point for the city’s roller bladders.

Info: Historical Center, Rome. Tel: N/A.

Piazza Di Spagna/Spanish Steps

Piazza Di Spagna/Spanish Steps

The Spanish Steps were originally built to unite Via Del Babuino with Via Felice, the first great street created by Sixtus V. Their junction is crossed at a right angle by Via Condotti, which illustrates the direction towards St. Peter’s and the Vatican. They were originally built between 1723 and 1725 by Italian architect Francesco de Sanctis, commissioned and paid for by the French and named after the Spanish Embassy, which use to be situated here. Nowadays, and especially during the Summer, the steps and the piazza are milling with tourists and Romans alike, who come to admire their beauty, the floral decorations and to rest on the steps, while reading or basking in the sun.

Info: Historical Center, Rome. Tel: N/A.

Fori Imperiali

Fori Imperiali

The Imperial Forum lies along Via Dei Fori Imperiali, which was created by Mussolini to connect the ruins with the 19th century monuments of Piazza Venezia. The Imperial Forum was initiated by Julius Cesar to overcome the overcrowding of the Roman Forum. In its heyday, the forum was a vast and impressive area of buildings, alleyways, markets and shops. However today, most of what is left is ruins and archaeological sites, though some of the larger buildings still lie intact. The forum include the Foro Di Cesare, Foro Della Pace, Foro Di Augusto and Foro Traiano. Together they constituted a complex center of commercial, political, religious and social activities.

Palatino

Palatino

The Palatine Hill is one of the seven hills of Rome. It is believed that here in 753BC, Rome was born; originally it just consisted of a few huts, but as the city grew in power and wealth, so did its size and area. This can be seen by the different walls which encircled the settlement. It later became a residential area and eventually the site of the splendid imperial palaces of many famous (and infamous emperors), such as Caligula, Nero, Tiberius and Domitian.

The Circus Maximus

The Circus Maximus 

Circo Massimo is thought to have once been the most impressive structure in Ancient Rome. Amazingly, it was able to seat up to 250,000 people, who gathered here to watch the flamboyant imperial chariot races. In the Middle Ages and during the Renaissance period, builders looted the structure for its stone and marble, and today little more than a vast, empty field remains.

Vittoriano

Vittoriano

This monument dedicated to Victor Emmanuel I (the first king of Italy), dominates Piazza Venezia, near to the Colosseum and Forum. Built in the late 1800s, it out-shadows all the surrounding buildings and is even more conspicuous due to its wedding cake-like from and colour – the building is both hated and loved by the people of Rome. An eternal flame burns at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on the exterior of the monument, while inside you will find the Museo Del Risorgimento.

Info: Piazza Venezia, Historical Center, Rome. Tel: N/A.

Basilica Di S. Pietro

Basilica Di S. Pietro

Situated in one of the world’s smallest sovereign states, the Vatican (established in 1929), is St. Peter’s Basilica – considered by most people as the home of Roman Catholicism, as well as one of the most beautiful churches in the world. Home to the Pope and where his audiences take place, the site is believed to be almost on top of where Saint Peter was crucified. The structure as we know it today was constructed over a period of 150 years, between the 1500s and 1600s. While many architects and artists contributed to its final design and look, its most important contributor is held to be Michelangelo, who took over the project in 1547. Inside, the building is enormous, so much so, that it is difficult to immediately absorb every detail and all of its beauty. The grandeur of its furnishings, the detailed paintings, its size, the frescos, are often overpowering on your first visit. Please also note that Saint Peter’s has a very strict dress code – shoulders must be covered up, shorts are not allowed and no skirts above the knee – if you fail to adhere to these rules, you will, not under any circumstances, be allowed to enter.

Info: Piazza San Pietro, The Vatican. Tel: N/A.